PREGNANCY SIGN

 

PRESUMPTIVE SIGN

1.       Amenorrhea

2.       Nausea & vomiting

3.       Increase size & increased feeling of fullness in breast

4.       Pronounced nipples

5.       Urinary frequency

6.       Quickening:- The first perception of fetal movement by the mother may occur at the 16^th to 20^th week of gestation

7.       Fatigue

8.       Discoloration of the vaginal mucosa

PROBABLE SIGN

1.       Uterine enlargement

2.       Hegar’s Sign: Compressibility & softening of the lower uterine segment that occur at about week 6.

3.       Goodell’s Sign: Softening of the cervix that occur at the beginning of the second month

4.       Chadwick’s Sign: Violet coloration of the mucous membranes of the cervix, vagina & vulva that occur at about week 6.

5.       Ballottement: Rebounding of the fetus against the examiner’s fingers on palpation.

6.       Braxton Hicks Contraction: Irregular pain less contractions that may occur intermittently throughout pregnancy.

7.       Positive pregnancy test for determination of the presence of human chorionic gonadotropin.

POSITIVE SIGN

1.       Fetal Heart rate detected by Doppler transducer at 10 to 12 weeks & by  fetoscope at 20 weeks of gestation.

2.       Active fetal movements palpated by examiner.

3.       Outline of fetus via radiography or ultrasonography.